Math

Basic Functions

Function	Signature	Description
`abs`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Absolute value (float)
`absInt`	`(x: Int) r: Int`	Absolute value (integer)
`min`	`(a: Float, b: Float) r: Float`	Minimum of two floats
`max`	`(a: Float, b: Float) r: Float`	Maximum of two floats
`minInt`	`(a: Int, b: Int) r: Int`	Minimum of two integers
`maxInt`	`(a: Int, b: Int) r: Int`	Maximum of two integers
`clamp`	`(x: Float, lo: Float, hi: Float) r: Float`	Clamp to range
`clampInt`	`(x: Int, lo: Int, hi: Int) r: Int`	Clamp integer to range
`clamp01`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Clamp to [0, 1]
`sign`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Sign (-1, 0, or 1)
`approxEqual`	`(a: Float, b: Float) r: Bool`	Approximate equality

Trigonometric Functions

Function	Signature	Description
`sin`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Sine
`cos`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Cosine
`tan`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Tangent
`asin`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Arcsine
`acos`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Arccosine
`atan`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Arctangent
`atan2`	`(y: Float, x: Float) r: Float`	Two-argument arctangent

Hyperbolic Functions

Function	Signature	Description
`sinh`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Hyperbolic sine
`cosh`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Hyperbolic cosine
`tanh`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Hyperbolic tangent
`asinh`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Inverse hyperbolic sine
`acosh`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Inverse hyperbolic cosine
`atanh`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Inverse hyperbolic tangent

Exponential and Logarithmic

Function	Signature	Description
`exp`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	e^x
`exp2`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	2^x
`ln` / `log`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Natural logarithm
`log2`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Base-2 logarithm
`log10`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Base-10 logarithm
`pow`	`(x: Float, y: Float) r: Float`	Power (x^y)
`sqrt`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Square root

Rounding

Function	Signature	Description
`floor`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Round down
`ceil`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Round up
`round`	`(x: Float) r: Float`	Round to nearest
`copysign`	`(x: Float, y: Float) r: Float`	Magnitude of `x` with sign of `y`

Integer Bit Operations

Function	Signature	Description
`popcount`	`(x: Int) r: Int`	Count set bits
`countLeadingZeros`	`(x: Int) r: Int`	Count leading zero bits, returning 64 for zero
`countTrailingZeros`	`(x: Int) r: Int`	Count trailing zero bits, returning 64 for zero
`rotateLeft`	`(x: Int, shift: Int) r: Int`	Rotate bits left modulo 64
`rotateRight`	`(x: Int, shift: Int) r: Int`	Rotate bits right modulo 64
`byteswap`	`(x: Int) r: Int`	Reverse byte order

Angle Conversion

Function	Signature	Description
`degToRad`	`(deg: Float) r: Float`	Degrees to radians
`radToDeg`	`(rad: Float) r: Float`	Radians to degrees

Runtime Math Functions

The public stdlib math APIs route through runtime/libm-backed helpers where available. The LLVM backend may lower the internal __* helpers to LLVM intrinsics for maximum performance:

Runtime Function	LLVM Intrinsic
`__Sqrt(x)`	`llvm.sqrt.f64`
`__Sin(x)`	`llvm.sin.f64`
`__Cos(x)`	`llvm.cos.f64`
`__Exp(x)`	`llvm.exp.f64`
`__Log(x)`	`llvm.log.f64`
`__Log10(x)`	`llvm.log10.f64`
`__Fabs(x)`	`llvm.fabs.f64`
`__Pow(x, y)`	`llvm.pow.f64`

Additional runtime functions:

Function	Description
`__Asin(x)`	Arcsine
`__Acos(x)`	Arccosine
`__Atan(x)`	Arctangent
`__Atan2(y, x)`	Two-argument arctangent
`__Sinh(x)`	Hyperbolic sine
`__Cosh(x)`	Hyperbolic cosine
`__Tanh(x)`	Hyperbolic tangent
`seen_math_round(x)`	Runtime/libm round
`seen_math_asinh(x)`	Inverse hyperbolic sine
`seen_math_acosh(x)`	Inverse hyperbolic cosine
`seen_math_atanh(x)`	Inverse hyperbolic tangent
`seen_math_copysign(x, y)`	Copy sign

The stdlib also exposes C ABI wrappers named seen_math_* for source-level modules that need stable runtime dispatch without depending on compiler intrinsic names directly.

Time

Function	Signature	Description
`__GetTime()`	`r: Float`	Current time in seconds since epoch
`nowSeconds()`	`r: Int`	Current time in seconds
`nowMillis()`	`r: Int`	Current time in milliseconds
`nowNanos()`	`r: Int`	Current time in nanoseconds

Integer Bounds

Function	Return
`Int_min()`	Minimum Int value (-2^63)
`Int_max()`	Maximum Int value (2^63 - 1)

Example

fun main() {
    let angle = 45.0
    let rad = degToRad(angle)
    println("sin(45) = {sin(rad)}")
    println("cos(45) = {cos(rad)}")
    println("sqrt(2) = {sqrt(2.0)}")
    println("2^10 = {pow(2.0, 10.0)}")
    println("clamp(15, 0, 10) = {clamp(15.0, 0.0, 10.0)}")
}